How to describe people by physical appearance and personality

This ESL lesson plan is designed to help learners describe people’s physical appearance and personality traits with confidence. Tailored for both lower-level (beginner) and upper-level (intermediate to advanced) learners, the plan introduces essential vocabulary, practical phrases, and engaging conversation practice to build descriptive skills. Using visuals, role-plays, and interactive activities like “Guess Who,” students will practice forming simple sentences and asking questions in a supportive, culturally sensitive environment.

The lesson is structured to be flexible, lasting approximately 30 minutes for beginners and 45 minutes for advanced learners, with clear steps to ensure gradual skill-building.

By the end, students will be able to describe people in their lives with appropriate adjectives and sentence structures, fostering both fluency and confidence in real-world communication.

Lower-level learners (Beginners)

Introduce simple, high-frequency words related to physical appearance and personality that are easy to understand and use.

Vocabulary list: Physical appearance

• Tall/short: Height (e.g., He is tall).
• Thin/fat: Body type (e.g., She is thin).
• Hair: Color or type (e.g., black hair, curly hair).
• Eyes: Color (e.g., blue eyes, brown eyes).
• Young/old: Age (e.g., He is young).
• Beautiful/handsome: Attractiveness (e.g., She is beautiful).

Vocabulary list: Personality

• Nice/kind: Friendly or caring (e.g., He is nice).
• Funny: Makes people laugh (e.g., She is funny).
• Quiet/loud: Behavior (e.g., He is quiet).
• Happy/sad: Emotions (e.g., She is happy).
• Smart: Intelligent (e.g., He is smart).

Vocabulary for extension

Physical appearance

• Slim: Body type (e.g., He is slim).
• Freckled: Facial feature (e.g., She has a freckled face).
• Bald: Hair type (e.g., He is bald).
• Tanned: Complexion (e.g., She has tanned skin).
• Wrinkled: Age-related feature (e.g., He has wrinkled skin).

Personality

• Brave: Courageous (e.g., She is brave).
• Shy: Reserved (e.g., He is shy).
• Honest: Truthful (e.g., She is honest).
• Patient: Calm, not easily frustrated (e.g., He is patient).
• Creative: Imaginative (e.g., She is creative).

Teaching tips

• Use visuals like pictures of people or simple drawings to show physical traits (e.g., curly hair, tall person).
• Practice pronunciation of adjectives like “curly” (KUR-lee) or “handsome” (HAN-sum).
• Create flashcards with words and images (e.g., “blue eyes” with a picture of eyes) for quick recall.

Useful phrases

Teach basic sentence structures that are easy to memorize and adapt.

Key phrases: Physical appearance

• “He/She is [tall/short].”
• “He/She has [color] hair.”
• “He/She has [color] eyes.”
• “He/She looks [young/old].”

Key phrases: Personality

• “He/She is [nice/funny].”
• “He/She is very [quiet/happy].”
• “I like him/her because he/she is [smart/kind].”

Key phrases: Asking questions

• “What does he/she look like?”
• “What is he/she like?”
• “Is he/she [tall/funny]?”

Teaching tips

• Write phrases on a board and model them (e.g., “My friend is tall. He has black hair.”).
• Have learners substitute their own descriptions (e.g., family or friends) into the phrases.
• Practice question forms to encourage simple conversations.

Example conversations

Provide short, simple dialogues to model describing people. These are designed for beginners to practice easily.

Conversation 1: Basic exchange

Anna: Who is your friend?
Tom: His name is Mike. He is tall.
Anna: What does he look like?
Tom: He has brown hair and blue eyes.
Anna: Is he nice?
Tom: Yes, he is very nice and funny.

Conversation 2: Adding personality

Sara: What does your sister look like?
Juan: She is short and has black hair.
Sara: Is she young?
Juan: Yes, she is young. She is happy and kind.
Sara: Sounds nice!

Teaching tips

• Role-play dialogues with the learner, switching roles to practice asking and answering.
• Encourage learners to use their own friends or family in the dialogues.
• In group settings, pair students to describe a classmate or an imaginary person.

Teaching strategy (Lower level, ~30 minutes)

Step 1: Warm-up (5 minutes)

• Ask: “Who is in your family? Is your mom tall?” to spark interest.
• Show a picture of a person and describe them simply (e.g., “This is John. He is tall and has brown hair.”).

Step 2: Vocabulary introduction (5 minutes)

• Present vocabulary using visuals or flashcards.
• Practice pronunciation and have learners repeat words like “curly” or “kind.”
• Play a quick game: Point to a picture and ask, “Is this tall or short?” or “Is this happy or sad?”

Step 3: Phrase practice (10 minutes)

• Display key phrases and model them (e.g., “My brother is short. He is funny.”).
• Have learners practice by filling in blanks (e.g., “My friend is ____. He/She has ____ hair.”).
• Correct pronunciation and grammar gently.

Step 4: Conversation practice (10 minutes)

• Read one example conversation aloud, emphasizing clear, slow speech.
• Pair learners (or role-play with them) to practice dialogues, encouraging personalization.
• Ask learners to describe someone they know in 2-3 sentences.

Teaching tips

• Keep it simple and repetitive to build confidence.
• Use props like toy figures or photos to make descriptions interactive.

Upper-level learners (Intermediate to advanced)

Introduce more nuanced and varied words to describe physical appearance and personality, building on basic terms.

Vocabulary list: Physical appearance

• Height: Tall, short, medium-height, petite, lanky, stocky, towering.
• Build: Slim, muscular, heavy, average, athletic, slender, broad-shouldered, lean.
• Hair: Straight, wavy, curly, bald, long, short, blonde, brunette, redhead, gray, dyed, cropped, bushy.
• Facial features: Beard, mustache, freckles, glasses, dimples, scar, mole, bushy eyebrows, piercing.
• Complexion: Fair, dark, pale/pasty, tanned, olive, rosy, jaundiced, bronzed.
• Age: Teenager, middle-aged, elderly, youthful, senior, mature, adolescent, aged.

Vocabulary list: Personality

• Confident/bold/assertive: Self-assured (e.g., She is confident in meetings).
• Generous/charitable/selfless: Gives a lot to others (e.g., He is generous with money).
• Outgoing/shy, extroverted/introverted: Sociable or reserved (e.g., She is outgoing).
• Reliable/trustworthy/consistent: Dependable (e.g., He is reliable at work).
• Creative/innovative/artistic: Imaginative (e.g., She is creative with art).
• Patient/impatient, tolerant/restless, easygoing/irritable: Calm or easily frustrated (e.g., He is patient with kids).

Teaching tips

• Use real-world examples (e.g., celebrities or characters) to illustrate terms like “muscular” or “outgoing.”
• Practice pronunciation of complex words like “reliable” (re-LIE-uh-bul) or “freckles” (FREK-uls).
• Create a word map linking related terms (e.g., “hair” → straight, wavy, curly).

Useful phrases

Teach more detailed sentence structures to describe people with precision and express opinions.

Key phrases: Physical appearance

• “He/She has a [slim/muscular] build.”
• “His/Her hair is [long/wavy/blonde].”
• “He/She looks [middle-aged/athletic].”
• “He/She has [freckles/a beard] on his/her face.”

Key phrases: Personality

• “He/She is very [confident/generous].”
• “He/She comes across as [shy/creative].”
• “I admire him/her because he/she is [reliable/patient].”
• “He/She can be [impatient at times/very outgoing].”

Key phrases: Asking questions

• “What does he/she look like physically?”
• “How would you describe his/her personality?”
• “What’s the first thing you notice about him/her?”
• “Is he/she more [outgoing/shy]?”

Teaching tips

• Model phrases with examples (e.g., “My friend has curly hair and a fair complexion. She is very outgoing.”).
• Encourage learners to combine physical and personality descriptions in one sentence.
• Practice open-ended questions to spark detailed responses.

Example conversations

Provide dialogues with more complexity to model advanced descriptions.

Conversation 1: Detailed description

Emma: Can you describe your brother, Mark?
Mark: Sure! He’s tall with a muscular build. He has short, dark hair and wears glasses.
Emma: What’s his personality like?
Mark: He’s very confident and outgoing. He loves meeting new people.
Emma: Sounds like a fun guy!

Conversation 2: Combining appearance and personality

Sara: What does your teacher look like, Ali?
Ali: She’s middle-aged with long, wavy hair and a fair complexion.
Sara: Is she nice?
Ali: Yes, she’s very patient and creative. She makes classes fun!
Sara: That’s great. Does she wear glasses?
Ali: No, but she always wears colorful scarves.

Conversation 3: Advanced exchange

John: Tell me about your best friend, Lisa.
Lisa: She’s short with a slim build and has curly blonde hair. She has freckles, which make her look unique.
John: What’s she like as a person?
Lisa: She’s incredibly generous and reliable. She’s a bit shy at first, but very funny once you know her.
John: She sounds awesome! What’s something she does that shows her personality?
Lisa: She always helps friends with their problems and plans creative parties.

Teaching tips

• Role-play dialogues, encouraging learners to add details about real people they know.
• Ask follow-up questions to push for more descriptive answers.
• In groups, have learners describe a famous person and let others guess who it is.

Teaching strategy (Upper level, ~45 minutes)

Step 1: Warm-up (5 minutes)

• Ask: “Who is a famous person you like? What do they look like?” to engage learners.
• Show a photo of a celebrity and describe them (e.g., “He has a muscular build and is very confident.”).

Step 2: Vocabulary introduction (10 minutes)

• Present vocabulary using visuals or a word map.
• Practice pronunciation and have learners use words in sentences (e.g., “My friend is outgoing.”).
• Play a game: Describe a person vaguely (e.g., “He has a beard and is creative”), and learners guess the adjectives.

Step 3: Phrase practice (10 minutes)

• Display key phrases and model them (e.g., “My cousin has short wavy hair and is very reliable.”).
• Have learners practice combining appearance and personality (e.g., “My friend is ____ and has ____.”).
• Provide feedback on grammar and word choice.

Step 4: Conversation practice (15 minutes)

• Read one example conversation aloud, emphasizing natural intonation.
• Pair learners to practice dialogues, encouraging them to add two details about appearance and personality.
• Ask learners to create their own dialogue describing someone they know.

Step 5: Wrap-up (5 minutes)

• Have each learner describe a person in 3-4 sentences, mixing appearance and personality.
• Provide feedback on fluency and vocabulary use.
• Assign homework: Write a paragraph describing a friend or family member.

Additional tips (Both levels)

• Cultural sensitivity: Be mindful that describing appearance (e.g., “fat”) or personality (e.g., “loud”) may be sensitive in some cultures. Encourage neutral or positive terms.
• Visual aids: Use photos, videos, or drawings to make descriptions interactive (e.g., show a picture and ask learners to describe it).
• Listening practice: Play a short audio or video of someone describing a person (e.g., from ESL resources) to expose learners to different accents.
• Incorporate technology: Use a virtual whiteboard to write phrases or share images of people for description practice.

Common mistakes to address

• Lower level
  • Grammar: “He tall” instead of “He is tall.” Emphasize “is.”
  • Word order: “He has hair black” instead of “He has black hair.” Teach adjective placement.
• Upper level
  • Overuse of basic words: Encourage variety (e.g., “charming” instead of “nice”).
  • Preposition: Clarify phrases like “comes across as” or “looks like.”

Example activity: “Guess who”

• Lower level: Give learners cards with simple descriptions (e.g., “tall, black hair, funny”). They describe the person, and others guess.
• Upper level: Learners write a detailed description of a classmate or celebrity (e.g., “medium-height, curly hair, generous”). Others guess who it is.

Homework or follow-up

• Lower level
  • Write 3 sentences about a family member’s appearance and personality.
  • Practice describing a friend to someone in English.
• Upper level
  • Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) describing a person, including appearance and personality.
  • Record a 1-minute audio describing someone and explain why you admire them.